Introduction to the pharmacy system

What is the pharmaceutical system and what does it have to do with the technical and economic indicators of flotation?

The pharmaceutical system refers to the type of the drug added during the flotation process, the amount of the drug, the method of addition, the location of the drug, and the order of dosing. In the flotation plant, the pharmaceutical system is the most important factor affecting the technical and economic indicators of mineral processing .

First, the type of medicine

The type of drug used in the flotation plant is related to the nature of the ore, the process, and several factors such as mineral processing products. It is usually determined by optional tests of ore or semi-industrial and industrial tests.

In particular, the problem of mixed drug use should be mentioned here. The experimental research and production practice have proved that the effect of mixed drug is often better than that of single agent, especially the effect of using mixed collector is obvious, and the application is also common. According to statistics of 59 non-ferrous metal flotation plant using hybrid collectors accounted for 44%. Why is the mixed collector better? The research shows that with the mixed collector, the agent layer adsorbed on the mineral surface is relatively dense, and the collector forms a hydrophobic layer on the mineral surface faster, which accelerates the particle to bubble. Attachment speed. This is due to the non-uniformity of the mineral surface. Different collectors can exert different characteristics on the mineral surface, which is beneficial to the formation of a hydrophobic layer on the mineral surface. In addition, the synergistic effect of the agent also has a certain effect. For example, using butyl xanthate and sodium hydroxy citrate as a mixed collector, it is better to select a copper oxide ore in the Tonglushan Mine than the single butyl xanthate, which can reduce the amount of sodium sulfide and the second oil. Other indicators are also better.

The proportion of the mixed drug should generally be determined by experimentation.

Mixed use is not just a collector. For foaming agents, inhibitors and flocculants.

Second, the dosage

The amount of the agent used in flotation should be just right. Insufficient or excessive amounts have an impact on the beneficiation index, and excessive dosage of the agent will increase the cost of the beneficiation. In addition to the higher cost of grinding, the flotation plant may be the cost of the drug, so it is very important to strictly control the dosage.

Third, the preparation of pharmaceuticals

When designing a flotation plant, it is common to design a pharmaceutical preparation room. The solid agent is diluted into a liquid, because the liquid agent is convenient to be added, and the agent which is easy to be dissolved in water and has a large amount, such as sodium sulfide, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, etc., can be formulated into a large concentration, and generally can be formulated into 10 - 20% concentration. If the amount is small or poor drug solution, the concentration of the formulation should be lower, such as xanthate, cyanide, heavy chromate, diltiazem No. 9, etc., often dubbed the concentration of 5 to 10%.

For some water-insoluble agents, they can be dissolved by means of an organic solvent and then formulated into a low concentration solution.

Fourth, the dosing location and dosing sequence

In order to fully exert the effect of the flotation agent, the general practice for the dosing location and the dosing sequence is:

(1) For a poorly soluble agent to allow it to have a sufficient action time, the agent is usually added to a grinding machine such as black medicine and white medicine.

(2) The location of addition differs depending on the function of the agent in the flotation. For example, copper sulfate, xanthate, and pine oil are three kinds of agents. The general dosing sequence is: copper sulfate is added to the center of the first agitation tank, xanthate is added to the center of the second agitation tank, and pine oil is added to the second agitation. At the exit of the tank.

(3) Create conditions for adding drugs to the back to better function.

In the general case, the flotation plant first adds the pulp pH adjuster to adjust the slurry to a suitable pH value to better play the role of collector and inhibitor. For example, when the mixed concentrate is removed from the drug, it is generally said that sodium sulfide is added to remove the ions of the collector from the surface of the mineral, and then the activated carbon is added to obtain a better effect.

(4) Pay attention to the problem that certain harmful ions cause the failure of the agent.

For example, the reaction of copper ions with cyanide ions can cause cyanide to fail. In the case of copper-sulfur separation, if more copper ions appear during stirring, do not add cyanide to the agitation tank, but should be directly added to the separation flotation operation, so as to avoid the failure of harmful ions to cause the agent to fail.

The general dosing sequence of the flotation plant is: the flotation of the ore is: pH adjuster → inhibitor or activator → collector → foaming agent; the minerals that have been suppressed by flotation are: activator → capture Agent → foaming agent.

Five, dosing method

Dosing methods usually have two types: concentrated addition and segmental addition. The general principle is that for agents that are easily soluble in water, are not easily taken away by the foam, and are not easily ineffective, they can be added centrally, that is, all the agents are concentrated and added once before rough selection. Conversely, for those agents that are easily removed by the foam and that are easily disabled by the action of fine mud and soluble salts, it should be added in stages. For example, the sulfide flotation method of copper oxide ore, after the action of sodium sulfide, the sulfide film formed on the surface of the mineral is not very strong and easily falls off, so a multi-point dosing method is adopted.

In order to improve the efficacy of the medicament, the dosage of the medicament is saved. In recent years, many experimental studies have been carried out at home and abroad in the application of physical methods to enhance the efficacy of pharmaceuticals. Among them are emulsification, warm flotation, aerosol method, treatment of electric and magnetic fields, irradiation with ultraviolet light, use of high-energy radiation to enhance the flotation process and the role of chemicals, etc., and these work are still continuing.

How to add the flotation reagent correctly

There are four problems with the correct addition of flotation reagents.

First, the type of medicament II, the order of addition three, the amount of addition four, the location and method of addition

In principle, the problems of these four methods must be determined through flotation experimental research.

In general terms, flotation reagents are classified into collectors, foaming agents, conditioners, inhibitors, and the like. Under normal circumstances, first add a modifier, plus inhibitors and foaming agents, collectors. The collector is used to capture the mineral of interest, the foaming agent is used to produce a foam layer capable of floating minerals, the modifier is used to adjust the pH of the pulp, and the activator is used to activate the mineral of interest to enhance its floatability. Inhibitors are used to inhibit certain undesirable minerals in the slurry.

The amount of addition generally needs to be determined experimentally, and experienced ore dressing professionals and good flotation workers can determine the approximate dosage range. (excluding special circumstances) where to add and how to add:

Adjusting agent, inhibitor and collector portion (e.g., coal oil) was added in a ball mill so as to cause a suitable flotation environment as soon as possible.

The collector and foaming agent are added to the first mixing tank of the flotation. If the flotation operation has two mixing tanks, the activator should be added to the first mixing tank, and the collector and foaming agent should be added to the second mixing tank. (such as zinc flotation operation)

How to add the drug: water-soluble drugs such as xanthate, white medicine, amine black medicine, water glass, sodium carbonate, copper sulfate, sodium sulfide, etc. are all added in an aqueous solution (concentration 2% - 10%)

Some insoluble drugs can be directly added such as 2# oil and No. 31 black medicine, oleic acid and the like. Some must be dissolved in a solvent beforehand. It is then formulated into an aqueous solution, such as an amine collector. Lime can be formulated into lime milk, added, or directly added to the ball mill and mixing tank in the form of dry powder. Usually, the collector, foaming agent and stirring can be 1-2 minutes. Some agents require long-term agitation, such as potassium dichromate used to inhibit lead when copper and lead are separated.

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