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The technical route of China's new energy vehicles is clear, and batteries, motors, and electric control are still the core problems. - Former Minister of Industry and Information Technology Li Yizhong
Recently, at the 2011 Global Energy Conservation and New Energy Vehicle Summit hosted by the Asian Manufacturing Association, Li Yizhong, former Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, objectively and concretely pointed out the development bottleneck of China's new energy vehicles.
Li Yizhong believes that several technical difficulties that need to be resolved to restrict the industrialization of electric vehicles have also been found. The most important issue is battery technology. Current automotive power batteries are mainly based on lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganate as cathode materials, and their performance, life, and other indicators are not enough to completely replace all the functions of the fuel automobile. It is understood that the current battery energy density is only about 100Wh/kg, the cost is 3-5 yuan/Wh, small capacity, high cost, large weight, far from meeting the requirements of electric vehicle industrialization and commercialization. The energy density can reach 150Wh/kg before and after 2015, and the cost can be reduced to RMB 2/Wh; the energy density of the battery is expected to reach 250Wh/kg before and after 2020, and the cost is RMB 1.5/Wh; the energy density of the battery is estimated When it reaches 500Wh/kg or more, the driving range of a pure electric vehicle is comparable to that of a conventional car. To achieve this technology, it is still necessary to develop new battery materials. Energy density, longevity, safety, price and weight, and charging time are all important indicators that affect the commercialization of electric vehicles.
Li Yizhong emphasized that there are still urgent problems to be solved in the construction of charging facilities and in electrical and electronic control. The vehicle-mounted power battery can be used as a mobile energy storage unit to realize the “peak load shifting†of the power load through the charging facility, and improve the ability of the power system to accept renewable energy such as wind power and solar energy. However, these are still difficult to put into practice. The transformation and upgrading of smart grids also require substantial investment and gradual realization. Electric vehicle drive motors currently use AC asynchronous motors, switched reluctance motors, and permanent magnet motors. AC asynchronous motors and switched reluctance motors are simple in structure, low in cost, and reliable in operation, but their efficiency and power density are both low. The permanent magnet motor (rare earth permanent magnet material applied to the rotor) has the advantages of high efficiency, high power density, high reliability, low power consumption, light weight, and low noise, and is an important development direction of the drive motor for vehicles. However, to meet the requirements for the industrialization and commercialization of new energy vehicles, it is necessary to further increase the power density and reduce the cost, which still requires the support of the rare earth industry. Battery management, motor control, vehicle control, and other electronic control systems also have a lot of work to do to improve reliability, consistency, and standardization of interfaces and network communication protocols.
New energy vehicles are all other energy vehicles except gasoline and diesel engines. Including fuel cell cars, hybrid cars, hydrogen energy cars and solar cars. Its exhaust emissions are relatively low. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 4 million liquefied petroleum gas vehicles and more than 1 million natural gas vehicles in the world. New energy vehicles sold in the Chinese market are hybrid vehicles. Which can be divided into two types of hybrid vehicles, one is plug-in hybrid vehicles, and the other is non-plugged, ordinary hybrid cars. Plug-in hybrid vehicles (including extended-range electric vehicles) have a certain amount of pure electric driving mileage, can obtain the electric energy driving the vehicle from non-vehicle devices, and are more similar to pure electric vehicles in use. Therefore, we will Plug-in hybrid vehicles are also included in the category of new energy vehicles, and ordinary hybrid vehicles are included in the energy-saving traditional internal combustion engine category.