Using an electrothermal incubator to determine the germination rate of grain seeds The germination rate of seeds of food crops is an important reference standard for judging the quality of food crops, and it is also closely related to the output of food. Checking the germination rate of food is an important parameter for calculating the regression value of certain grain storage quality, and it is an important calculation basis for judging whether food should be stored or not suitable for storage. The germination rate of grain is determined by the standard method of seed germination test, and the result of the measurement is time-consuming and laborious. Based on the requirements of the National Grain and Oil Storage Quality Evaluation Rules and Chenhua Grain Inspection, we conducted a large number of tests to find out a test method for determining the grain germination rate using an electrothermal incubator, compared with the seed germination test standard. More operability. 1 Conditions for the germination of grain The necessary conditions for the grain to germinate are adequate moisture, suitable temperature and moderate amount of oxygen. 1.1 Moisture. It is the first condition for grain germination. With water, various enzymes in the cell begin to activate, nutrients stored in the grain can be hydrolyzed and transformed, and the embryonic cells can be split and grow, and the grain can germinate and germinate. The minimum moisture required for the germination of various grain kernels varies depending on the variety. Usually, the minimum moisture content of cereal grains is between 22.%~6.%. The minimum moisture content of bean oil is between 12% and 19%. In addition, the seeds vary in size, variety, and water requirements. Seed germination water test should be free of acid, alkali or other impurities. 1.2 temperature. Appropriate temperature is a necessary condition for grain germination. The appropriate temperature is the necessary condition for the increase of enzyme activity, respiration and substance transformation. Excessive temperature will inhibit the normal physiological activity of the grain. If the temperature is too low, the germination will be slow. Usually, the germination standard of grain grains does not require the temperature conditions to be as harsh as the seeds, and the temperature can be constant. 1.3 Oxygen. The right amount of oxygen is the key condition for grain germination. During grain germination, respiration increased and oxygen demand increased. In particular, due to the large size of embryos and strong breathing, the full supply of oxygen in the germination test is one of the keys to the success of the experiment. 2 test methods, operating procedures and notes 2.1 Instruments and Equipment 2.1.1 Petri dishes: 15cm diameter, suitable for corn, soybean germination, diameter 13.5m, suitable for rice, wheat germination. 2.1.2 Filter paper: It requires good suction, clean, no oil and harmful chemical components. 2.1.3 Electric heating constant temperature incubator: It is best to use special germination box for both hot and cold use. This box can be adjusted below the room temperature culture temperature. If not, ordinary electrothermal incubators used in the current primary laboratory can also be used. Before use, use 75% alcohol to disinfect the container. After the alcohol has evaporated completely, use it again. 2.1.4 dumplings, porcelain plates, beakers and so on. 2.1.5 Sand: Take. On the 5mm sieve, there are several sands under 1.mm sieve. This fineness has good ventilation and water retention properties. Before use, wash the sand with clean water until the water is clean. Wash the dirt, dust, etc. that are wrapped in the sand and adhere to it. Then rinse it twice with distilled water. The above petri dishes, filter paper, tweezers, porcelain plates, sand and other utensils should be placed in a 16e drying oven for 2 hours before use. 2.2 Germination test technical regulations 2.3 Preparation of Germination Bed According to the above technical regulations, choose a suitable vacuum bed type instrument, lay 1.5cm thick fine sand or two layers of filter paper in the petri dish, inject clean water, and add 8% of the dry sand saturated water to the large grain grain germination bed. Moisture, medium grain grain sprouting bed adds 6% moisture to dry sand saturated water volume. Usually large grain, medium grain grain bed, small grain paper bed. No matter what the germination bed water should be appropriate to avoid excessive humidity. In order to produce a layer of water around the grain, it will prevail. 2.4 Test methods 2.4.1 Preparation of the test: After sampling by the quartering method, four groups of samples were selected without selection, including one group of large grain grains (4@1) and five grains of small grains group. The sample should include particles larger than 2/3 of the normal grain or damaged grains with embryos, but no embryo damaged grains larger than normal 2/3. 2.4.2 Cleaning and soaking: Place the sample taken in the beaker and rinse it several times with clean water. Wash the mold and mud, dust, dirt, etc. hidden and attached on the surface of the grain. Rinse with distilled water, and then add. Soak the sample in water at room temperature. Soak rice for 12 hours. Soak corn and wheat for 1 hour. Soak and rinse with water 2) 3 times. 2.4.3 The seeds are placed on the germination bed in groups according to groups. The grain spacing is about 1.5 times. Use a small dish cover to flatten the sand bed and the seeds, but do not make the seeds deeply buried in the sand bed. 2.4.4 Incubation: Label the culture dish with a number and indicate the relevant content, such as date, number of grains, etc., and send it to the incubator at the set temperature. Before that, put a water-filled enamel plate in the bottom of the box to maintain the relative humidity inside the box and prevent the moisture of the bud bed from being dissipated too quickly due to the air drying in the box. 2.4.5 Inspection Management: Check regularly once a day and observe several times. The first is moisture: The moisture evaporates easily during the germination test. Therefore, the moisture of the germination bed must always be moist, and the water should be filled in time. Do not neglect and dry up. When water is added, a filter paper is laid on the sprouting bed of the petri dish to prevent the grains and sand from being scattered, and then sprayed with a water sprayer to add water having a temperature substantially equal to that in the incubator. To prevent excessive water addition, too much water in the seeds will reduce the air permeability of the seed coat, hinder the air from entering the embryo, and inhibit the sprouting and even erosion and death of the seeds. The second is ventilation: during germination, due to the large number of samples in the box, the breathing strength of the grain is large, so the door should be opened frequently to supplement the air. When wheat and rice are cultured and germinated, they can be staggered and placed between the lid and the bottom of the dish, which can both moisturize and ventilate. When the corn is cultured and sprouted, it is best not to cover and spread 1) 2 layers of wet gauze on the petri dish. can. The third is to check the temperature: According to the constant temperature performance of the incubator, check the temperature regularly, and maintain the specified temperature to prevent the temperature in the cabinet from rising sharply and dropping sharply. The temperature difference should not exceed? 2e. Fourth, grain observation: If it is found that the grain is mildewed/green or fungal infection, it should be immediately removed, cleaned with distilled water in the specified box temperature, washed off mold, and then placed in the box. When the percentage of seed germs in the germinating bed is large, in addition to cleaning the grains, the germination bed needs to be replaced. If rotten grains are present, they should be discarded and properly documented. The fifth is the sprout record: When found in the incubator of fresh seeds have a new seed break through the seed coat, commonly known as / white, that is regarded as the buds of grain, to meet the standard buds, can be picked out, count, do Good record. The granules are further cultured, and all of the granules are gradually picked up within a prescribed number of days. After the training is over, the number of pickings and the number of stays are checked and checked, whether they are the same as the number of stays, and they are calculated after being correct. 3 result calculation The germination rate of food is expressed by the average of four groups of experiments. First, four groups of parallel determination results are calculated. Then, to calculate the average of four parallel measurements, whether the parallel value is reliable depends on whether the maximum and minimum values ​​of the four parallel determination results exceed the given range. The data result decision rule should be based on the data processing in GB/552/85 standard. If the parallel value is reliable and accurate, the average of the four groups is taken as the measurement result of the grain germination rate. American Series Wash Pump,Electric Water Pump Motor,American Series Windshield Washer Pump,Wash Pump ruian city yixuan auto parts co.,ltd , https://www.yixuanauto.com