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(A) The biological characteristics of the genus are wet plants. The roots are white fiber roots and are born on the lower part of the mother and daughter. The stems are shortened into underground bulbs, which are edible parts and propagation materials. They are round, oval, oval, or cylindrical. There are scales on the bulbs, which are remnants of leaf sheaths. There are liquid buds on the bulb section that can form bulbs. Leaves alternate, shield-like, tip acuminate. Flowers are inflorescences, temperate rarely flowering and strong.
The high temperature and high humidity of the alfalfa, the bulbs begin to germinate at 13°C～15°C, the temperature above 20°C is required during the growth period, and the development is good at 27°C～30°C. The area of ​​leaf area is large, and the roots and petioles show the characteristics of aquatic plants. In addition to leeches, drought and flood should also be cultivated in moist areas. In the case of low temperature and drought, wolfberry can't grow sufficiently and it will affect the output. Wolfberry is more shade-tolerant, and short days can promote bulb formation.
(b) Types of cultivars can be distinguished based on ecological conditions and food sites. According to different ecological conditions, it is divided into leeches and marmots. According to the different parts of the food, it is divided into leaf varieties and bulb varieties. Jianghuai valley waterlogging, drought and flood have. Leaf varieties are only cultivated in Yunnan, Sichuan, Zhejiang, and other places. Most of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins belong to the bulb variety. The bulb variety can be divided into the following three categories.
1. The burrowing plants are tall, and the mother cubs are predominant. The pods are small and small and used only for breeding purposes. Mother lice can weigh up to 1.5 kg to 2.0 kg, accounting for more than half of bulb production. The quality is superior to that of the daughter quail, the starch content is high, the quality is soft, the fragrance is rich, and the quality is good. This type of steamed hi, high temperature, long growth period, more in the South of China. For example, the leaders of Jiangsu Yixing, Fenghua of Zhejiang, and Xupu of Guangxi.
2. Many species of lice are large and numerous, have no handles, are easy to separate, have a sticky texture, and are of superior quality to their mothers. Such gimmicks are often found in the Yangtze River basin in China, such as white locusts and red locusts in Yichang, ginger glycosides in Changsha, dog locusts, white terpenes and red locust in Shanghai and Hangzhou.
3. The long-headed quail bulbs grow in bunches, the mother crickets, son crickets, and grandson pods are inseparable. They cling closely to each other and overlap into blocks. Such as Zhejiang Jinhua's cut oysters, Guangdong's Xenopus and so on.
(3) Seedlings and seedlings shall be used for continuous cropping and should be ploughed deeply. Soils with strong water retention and fertility conservation should be selected. Generally per acre (1 acre = 667 square meters) Shi Ji Fei 2000 kg ~ 2500 kg. In the Yangtze River Valley, there are many pods for cultivation. Live and direct seedlings are collected before and after the Qingming. The size of the pods is selected between 66 cm and 83 cm. Plant spacing is 33 cm, and the depth of the hole is 10 cm to 13 cm. (1 mu = 667 square meters) Use 100 kg to 112 kg. In order to arrange the cornices and early maturation, the seedlings can be planted on a hot bed or in a plastic shed in advance on March 20th. The seedlings can be closely packed in the bed soil to keep the bed temperature at 20C to 25C. The fertilizer and water management at the seedling stage is up to 1 ~2 true leaves when planted, the same density and live.
(IV) Field Management
1. Fertilizer management, fertilizer, fertilizer, top dressing is generally divided into three times, the farmers in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, said: "The three long summer heat", that is, the summer heat hair tree, big heat and long, autumn, summer heat long bread. In these three periods, it is necessary to ensure sufficient fertilizer and water, and it will be necessary to lay the foundation for the harvest after the fall.
2. After cultivating the soil from the cultivator or planting a living plant, we must cultivate the weeds several times in order to increase the soil temperature and promote early growth. Split-rooted earthworms have important effects on the growth and development of earthworms. Xinghua Farmers in Jiangsu Province said: "Small heat is small, big heat is big, and in July it is not planted." If the steamed buns do not grow earth and let them grow naturally, most of the new clams will be exposed on the ground and will hardly expand. If the steamed buns do not raise soil, the budding sprouts of the sub-buds sprout in the same year and consume nutrients. Cultivating soil can inhibit the formation of tillers and increase the yield of the sub-sun and the sun hoe. If the sub-fungus that has already formed is exposed on the soil surface, it is often greenish green, and the astringency increases and the quality decreases.
3. Diseases and Insect Pests The main diseases of the earthworms are epidemics and spoilage diseases. The main insect pests are spider mites, aphids, and tawny moths. Disease prevention and control method is to avoid continuous cropping, maintain good ventilation and light conditions. At the time of initial onset, it can be sprayed with 500 to 600 times of 65% wettable zeocin control, 40% Dimethoate Emulsion 1500 to 2000 times, 80% Dichlorvos 1000 to 1500X, or 50% phoxim. 2000 times liquid prevention.
(5) Collection and retention
1. Early harvested early-maturing varieties in the Yangtze River Valley were harvested from early September to early October; late sowing was harvested from late September to late October; middle-late-maturing varieties were mostly harvested from the end of September to the beginning of November. Due to market demand, harvesting can be appropriately advanced or delayed. Generally, it should be collected before heavy frost to prevent freezing damage. Each mu (1 mu = 667 square meters) of early maturing varieties produce 1500 kg ~ 2000 kg, late-maturing varieties of 1700 kg ~ 2500 kg, high-yielding fields can produce 3500 kg ~ 4000 kg.
2. Keeping the seed and selecting the planting seeds that grow in a uniform and consistent manner, and selecting the plants with the characteristics of the variety as seedlings, leaving the bulbs to yellow on the ground, and sunny harvesting when the seedlings are fully grown. For the green heads that show up on the ground, the old ones that are not well-made, and the long handles that are made from the heads of their mothers, they cannot be planted. Should choose to meet the species characteristics, the top buds sound, disease-free, no insects, no injury to the larger seeds for the species. The species size is related to the type. It is appropriate to use 25-50 grams for multi-deuteroids, 15 grams for the minimum, and 25 grams for the burdock type.
(VI) Storage Processing
1. The storage storks are stored before and after the beginning of winter and can be stored in the room or in the kiln, usually in the afternoon on the day after the harvesting and drying, or they can be transported to the warm and dry indoor room temporarily. It is required to maintain 8C-15C temperature and low humidity during storage.
2. The oysters that are processed for export to Japan and other places are usually selected, peeled, ground into balls and frozen, and packed in small packages for export.
Lujiang County Agricultural Information
Cultivation techniques
芋 "COIOcasiaesculenta" is also known as 芋艿, 芋, Araceae, perennial herb, cultivated as an annual plant. Bulbs are rich in starch and protein, used for food or food, and are also raw materials for starch and alcohol. The resistance to transportation and storage can solve the annual balanced supply of vegetables and can be used as foreign trade export commodities.